Properties of conductors
In this part of the course, we assume conductors to be perfect conductors. This is a good approximation for many real-world materials, especially metals such as copper, silver, aluminum, iron, etc.
There
is no electric field inside a conductor.
If you try to make a field inside, the charges in the conductor
move around in such a way as to cancel your attempt.
Charges
can exist only on the surface of a conductor.
The inside is neutral, i.e., there are equal
numbers of
neutrons and protons everywhere. Otherwise, there would be
electric fields inside.
All
points of a conductor are at the same potential.
Since DV = - E Dx
and E=0, the potential must be constant.