Notes on the Study of Cold Electronics for LArTPC ----------------------------------------------------- Original Rev. 6-June-2006 Current Rev. 26-June-2007 The following is the list of topics covered in these notes: "Why" we want to study cold preamplifiers for the LArTPC detector "What" exactly we propose to study and to accomplish. Indicate that MSU Physics has some experience with cold electronics. List of HEP experiments that use cold electronics or who have studied it. List References for HEP experiments with cold electronics. List of Reference for books and conferences about cold electronics. Why we are interested and think it is important to study low temperature electronics for the LArTPC detector. - Putting the preamps inside the cryostat of a large LArTPC detector has the potential to significantly improve the S/N ratio of a large LArTPC detector - therefore the cold preamplifier option needs to be studied. - In order to consider making the choice to put the preamps inside the detector cryostat the LArTPC group would need to gain lots of experience in this area. Accomplishing that requires starting work soon in order to have enough time to gain this experience. - The issue of contamination of the LAr by the components that make up the preamps needs to be studied. Operation of the LArTPC detector requires much lower levels of LAr contamination than is required in conventional LAr calorimeters. This study needs to be started early because many rounds of proposed preamp design (with its set of components) and testing of those components for contamination may be required. - Much work will be needed to design "packaging" of preamps within the cryostat. There is the issue of packaging density to meet the design of the detector (3 wire planes with a 5mm wire spacing within a plane). There is the issue of connecting the detector wires to the preamps. There is the issue of power distribution. There is the issue of test signal distribution. There is the issue of output signal cabling and routing to the cryostat ports. There is the issue of installation and "debugging" during assembly and testing before closing the cryostat. - In general the noise level of the preamps can by lowered by increasing the current (and thus heat dissipation) in their first stage. We need to study the relationship between S/N ratio improvement vs cryostat heat load and vs Physics performance in order to understand what preamp design will best meet the needs of the LArTPC detector. What we would actually study (i.e. what we would do and what we would hope to accomplish). - Learn in detail what is possible with low noise LN2 temperature preamps. A number of other HEP experiments have used cold preamps - others have studied the warm outside vs cold inside trade offs (see the references below). Other fields of research (e.g. IR Astronomy) routinely use cold low noise electronics. There are books just about the field of cold electronics. We need to study all of this material to learn what is possible with contemporary electronics technology. - Define exactly what is needed for a cold low noise preamp for the LArTPC detector. Current examples of cold preamps used in HEP experiments (e.g. Atlas Hadronic End-Cap Calorimeter and NA48 LKr Calorimeter) are very interesting but they do not match exactly what is needed for the LArTPC detector. There are obvious differences in: the frequency range, signal level, and required noise level to process the Physics signal from these detectors. These differences will end up influencing many of the aspects of the preamp design. We need to study the signals from the LArTCP detector enough to define exactly what is optimum for its preamps. - Propose a defensible design for cold LArTPC detector preamps. Preamps inside the cryostat will influence many other aspects of the design of the LArTPC detector, e.g. heat load at LN2 temperature, routing and ports for the preamp output signals, mounting of the preamps, connection of detector wires to the preamps. We need to prepare a design for the overall preamp system so that the designers of the other aspects of the LArTPC detector know how the preamps will fit in with the rest of the detector design. - Estimate the cost of a cold preamps system. This includes understanding any trade offs between cost of the preamps and Physics performance of the LArTPC detector. - Design and build a few hundred channels of cold preamps for use in the Test Cryostat Detector so that the LArTPC group can begin gaining experience and confidence in this technology. We have some experience with cold electronics here in MSU Physics. For example: - Cryogenic electronics in research equipment used by the solid state group. These are basically very low noise level null detectors used in bridge circuits for precision resistance measurement. - LN2 temperature electronics used for high frequency NMR measurement of small samples at Helium temperature. - LN2 temperature electronics used for the front-end of a fast Infra Red camera. List of HEP experiments that are using LN2 temperature preamps (i.e. preamps inside the cryostat) or who have looked at this option: See the references below. - Atlas Hadronic End-Cap about 30k channels - Atlas Argon Purity Monitors about 30 channels - NA48 LKr Calorimeter about 13k channels - Atlas Barrel EM Cal considered using cold preamps. - GERDA at LNGS is studying cold preamps. List of References for cold electronics in HEP Experiments: 1. Atlas Hadronic End-Cap Calorimeter Preamps The Atlas Hadronic End-Cap Calorimeter uses about 30k channels of LN2 temperature GaAs preamplifiers. Information about this system can be found at: wwwatlas.mppmu.mpg.de/HEC_document/PRR-Work/PRR-HEC-Elec-CONTENT.htm wwwatlas.mppmu.mpg.de/HEC_document/asso/index.html atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/LIQARGSTORE/TDR/TDR_Html/ LARG-TDR-464.html#HEADING464-0 "COLD ELECTRONICS FOR THE LIQUID ARGON HADRONIC END-CAP CALORIMETER OF ATLAS" J. BAN, H. BRETTEL, W. D. CWIENK, J. FENT, L. KURCHANINOV, H. OBERLACK, P. SCHACHT Max-Planck-Institut fur Physik, Werner-Heisenberg-Institut, Fohringer Ring 6, D-80805 Munchen, Germany "Performance of the ATLAS Hadronic End-Cap Calorimeter in Beam Tests" Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A 482 (2002) 94-124 "GaAs Front-End Electronics for the Liquid Argon Hadronic End-Cap Calorimeter of ATLAS" J. Ban, H.Brettel, W.D.Cwienk, J.Fent, A.Kiryunin, L.Kurchaninov*, H.Oberlack, P.Schacht MAX-PLANCK-INSTITUT FUR PHYSIK Werner-Heisenberg-Institut Fohringer Ring 6 80805 Munchen 2. Atlas LArg Purity Monitor Preamps There are about 30 LArg purity monitors in the cryostats of the Atlas Calorimeters. These purity monitors use a cold JFET preamp located inside the cryostat. ATLAS LArg Calorimeter Monitoring C. Zeitnitz University of Mainz 18 September 2002 ENTWICKLUNG EINER CAN-BASIERTEN DATENERFASSUNG FUR DIE FLÜSSIG-ARGON-MONITORE AM ATLAS-EXPERIMENT Diplomarbeit am Fachbereich Physik der Johannes Gutenberg Universitat in Mainz wswww.physik.uni-mainz.de/etap/archive/Hergesell_Diplomarbeit.pdf 3. CERN NA48 Liquid Krypton Calorimeter Preamps 13,000 channels of cold preamps. This calorimeter uses CuBe electrodes. "The NA48 LKr Calorimeter Readout Electronics" IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science, Vol. 47, No. 2, April 2000 http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel5/23/18359/00846133.pdf?arnumber=846133 C. Cerri, "The NA48 Liquid Krypton Calorimeter: Electrode Structure, Front-End Electronics and Calibralion", Conference Record, CALOR96, INFN-LNF, Frascati (1996), pp. 841-848 O. Vossnack, "Readout Electronics for the NA48 Liquid Krypton Calorimeter", presented at Calor 97, Tucson, USA, 9-14 November 1997 B. Hallgren, F. Bal, et. al., "The NA48 LKr Calorimeter Digitizer Electronics Chain", Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, A 419, 680-685, 1998 4. Cold preamps were considered for the Atlas Barrel EM Calorimeter. A study was made to compare the cold and warm preamps for the Atlas Barrel EM Calorimeter. Cold GaAs preamp is described in LArG-No-011 http://doc.cern.ch//archive/electronic/cern/others/atlnot/ Note/larg/larg-94-011.pdf Warm preamp is described in: NIM A330 (228-242) and NIM A343 (598-605) Energy resolution is compared in NIM A374 (290-306) Electronic noise measurement given in LArG-No-035 Optimal digital shaping (vs luminosity) described in LArG-No-035 5. The GERDA Experiment at LNGS The September 2005 "Progress Report" from the GERDA Experiment contains a review of the cold preamp options that they have looked at. www.mpi-hd.mpg.de/ge76/sep05_progrep_v1_0.pdf List of References for Books and Conferences about cold electronics: "Low-Temperature Electronics", ed. by Randall K. Kirschman, IEEE Press "Low-Temperature Electronics: Physics, Devices, Circuits, and Applications", ed. Edmundo A. Gutierrez, C. L. Claeys, Academic Press. "Device and Circuit Cryogenic Operation for Low Temperature Operation", Ed. Gerard Ghibaudo and Francis Balestra, Kluwer Academic Pub. "Low Temperature Electronics Wolte-5" //////////////////////////////////\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ other stuff looked at in preparation of the above. www.extremetemperatureelectronics.com/ The 7th International Workshop on Low Temperature Electronics (WOLTE 7) 21-23 June 2006 at Noordwijk, The Netherlands (like WOLTE 4 in 2000 and WOLTE 6 in 2004). http://www.congrex.nl/06c01 The program is now available. www.cryocircuits.com www.cryoconnect.com //////////////////////////////////\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ "List of references" "COLD ELECTRONICS FOR THE LIQUID ARGON HADRONIC END-CAP CALORIMETER OF ATLAS" J. BAN, H. BRETTEL, W. D. CWIENK, J. FENT, L. KURCHANINOV, H. OBERLACK, P. SCHACHT Max-Planck-Institut fur Physik, Werner-Heisenberg-Institut, Fohringer Ring 6, D-80805 Munchen, Germany The ATLAS Hadronic Endcap Calorimeter (HEC) CALOR - Pasadena - March 2002 Margret Fincke-Keeler University of Victoria, Canada on behalf of The ATLAS HEC Collaboration "Cold Electronics for the Liquid Argon Hadronic Endcap Calorimeter of ATLAS" J. Ban*, H. Brettel, W. D. Cwienk, J. Fent, L. Kurchaninov, H. Oberlack, P. Schacht Max-Planck Institut fuer Physik, Werner-Heisenberg-Institut, Munich, Germany, ATLAS HEC Note-118, 16 Nov 2001 Radiation Hardness Tests of GaAs preamplifiers "Cold Electronics for the Liquid Argon Hadronic End-Cap Calorimeter of ATLAS" J.Ban, H.Brettel, W.D.Cwienk, J.Fent, L.Kurchaninov, H.Oberlack, P.Schacht MAX-PLANCK-INSTITUT FUER PHYSIK Werner-Heisenberg-Institut Foehringer Ring 6, D-80805 Muenchen "Cold Electronics for the Liquid Argon Hadronic Endcap Calorimeter of ATLAS" J. Ban, b H. Brettel, W. D. Cwienk, J. Fent, L. Kurchaninov, H. Oberlack, P. Schacht Max-Planck Institut fuer Physik, Werner-Heisenberg-Institut, Munich, Germany "Front-End System for the ATLAS Hadronic End-Cap Calorimeter" J.Ban, W.D.Cwienk, J.Fent, L.Kurchaninov, A.Kiryunin, H.Oberlack, P.Schacht, H.Brettel, Max-Planck-Institut for Physics, Munich, Germanyn "Performance of the ATLAS Hadronic End-Cap Calorimeter in Beam Tests" Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A 482 (2002) 94-124 "GaAs Front-End Electronics for the Liquid Argon Hadronic End-Cap Calorimeter of ATLAS" J. Ban, H.Brettel, W.D.Cwienk, J.Fent, A.Kiryunin, L.Kurchaninov*, H.Oberlack, P.Schacht MAX-PLANCK-INSTITUT FUR PHYSIK Werner-Heisenberg-Institut Fohringer Ring 6 80805 Munchen Bolometer Electronics P. Richards, J. Appl. Phys. 76, 1 (1994) "Lock-in detection using a cryogenic low noise current preamplifier for the readout of resistive bolometers" http://arxiv.org/pdf/physics/9902042 to look at "B.Aubert et al., CERN/DRDC/90-31 DRDC/P5." ?? references for ?? Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A 344 (1994) 507 Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A 323 (1992) 393-397